Support And Assist Marginalized Communities - 858 Words

I am interested in working to identify community needs that align with my skills of: leadership, engagement, organization, data entry/editing, and empathetic listening. I believe that AmeriCorps is a great organization that wishes to bring aid, create leaders, and create a sense of community. I wish to support and assist marginalized communities. By lending a helping hand, mentoring, understanding, and positively reinforcing individuals I wish to help communities that just need extra assistance or that need to be strengthened. I also wish to aid in building the confidence of individuals. I believe that with the proper guidance and assistance people are inspired to seek opportunities to become their best selves. I know first hand how powerful civic engagement can be in a community and would like share my own experiences of community upliftment having through programs similar to Americorps. I have worked in the field of insurance and have skills of: customer service, organizational, analytical, data entry/editing, and empathetic listening. In addition to having insurance knowledge, I have experience working with diverse groups. From leading an empowe rment group for women called Unconventional Womyn for seven months and volunteering with various non-profits I have learned leadership skills, public speaking, educational skills, and much more. I am interested in taking the skills that I have and strengthening them by working with AmeriCorps. I am also interested in assistingShow MoreRelatedRural Communities And The Homeless Population1415 Words   |  6 PagesRural communities struggle to provide healthcare and shelter for the homeless population. The lack of public visibility of families in shelters receiving services that can assist with housing, adequate healthcare, and humane support to overcome the bias of homelessness in Bemidji Minnesota remains dismal. 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Civil War Reconstruction Free Essays

America between 1865 and 1876 was very broken and disunited due to the obvious Civil War. There was much effort put in my various powers to put together America again and attain the unity preferably desired by the central governing body. Both the Congress and the Citizenry participated to remedy the discretely disunited states. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War Reconstruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now President Johnson, who took office right after Lincoln against the radical republicans to piece together America, is a perfect example of Congressional effort put into the problem. As for the citizenry putting in effort, the Freedmen’s Bureau and sharecropping both showed a different paradigm of the problem on a level in which the average citizens could assist in unifying America again. Through examples we will soon see exactly how the two entities combined forces of the government and the people to fight for a common goal. After the conclusion of the Civil War with the defeat of the Confederate states, an organization by the name of Freedman’s Bureau was composed to give abandoned or confiscated land to freed African Americans to live on. This land was given to them in the form of grants that were approximately 40 acres, give or take, to live on for three years. After these 3 years, they would be able to purchase the land at a very low price. This organization helped put America together again because it shows the co-op method in which the Congress set up an establishment to give freedom to the black and then the people were readily agreeing to it, not rebelling. This also changed the Citizenry’s view of slaves in a certain way. As the Dread Scott case mentioned that slaved were not people they were property, well, now they were able to purchase land. This meant that since property can not own property and only another person can own property, that people must soon see slaves as reasonably people and not property. Although not revolutionary since segregation was very common amongst both North and South states, there was still a new perspective offered to people to accept slaves as people themselves. This would soon help bring the South and North closer as they would begin to begin in soon the same ideology towards people of different colors and cultures. Another factor important in tying together America was sharecropping, which however was not as good. Sharecropping meant that a squad or family could work independently for a fixed share of crop, around ?. The positive side to this was the fact that there was no expenditure in advance of harvest. The tenant had to share the risks of crop failure or a fall in cotton prices. Blacks believed this to be helpful to them, and since it was the Citizenry who decided upon doing this, we can see that the not only the government, but all the way down to the individual person we can see that citizens would put forth effort to cooperate with the new system of social life considering slavery was no longer an option. Although in the 1870s it became a servitude type instance in which croppers lived on credit until the cotton was sold. This was en route back to a modified adaptation of slavery in this time period. However until then, it was a vital key to show the vast effort put into the bringing together of America. The president also played a vital role in the bringing together of America. President Johnson wanted to reprieve the formerly Confederate states. He believed in organizing a new government and electing new representatives for states. This was contrary to the bringing together of America. Thus his opponent, the Radical Republicans came into action. Their plan was to fully represent the southern states’ government and also used military force to do so. They also passed the Civil Rights Acts to give slaves full rights. They wanted to grant suffrage to freedmen. This political party of republicans showed that the president was overpowered and thus could not disagree otherwise as the republicans fully gained the support of the people in their cause. Because of their success in this, they were able to put together America by the use of military force, which almost always does the job as we can see the Civil War settling any social issues about slavery. The fact that people began to not only include slaves as people, but to give them rights as well was a leap for American men, especially in the South. This was all part of the effort for unity. So as we can see from the efforts of the Radical Republicans and the Freedmen’s Bureau, there is much cooperation between the Citizenry and the Congress in the unity of America pose-Civil War. How to cite Civil War Reconstruction, Essay examples

Marketing Makes a Positive Contribution - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Makes a Positive Contribution for Consumers. Answer: Introduction Marketing makes a positive contribution to the common goods and marketers are serious about environmental stewardship (Fisher, Campbell and Svendsen 2012). Common goods are those goods that are intangible in nature and non excludable in nature. These goods are based on some of the criteria as if whether the consumption of the goods are done by a particular individual prevents other individuals for consuming it or not. This particular criterion defines the rivalry between the individuals for the consumption of the good (Connolly et al. 2013). When a person consumes the good, the other person should not be stopped from acquiring that good. The second criterion for common good is that they should be non excludable. It checks that if it is possible to preclude all the consumers to access the goods, even if they have not paid for the good. The best examples of common goods are air and water. The environmental stewardship is the dutiful utilization and protection of the natural environment by sustainable and conservation practices. Environmental stewardship is usually practiced or utilized by all individuals and organizations (Demarche et al. 2012). It is the responsibility of all organizations to maintain the environmental stewardship with their products. Marketing of any organization plays, the most important role in the positive contribution to the common good and marketers should be extremely serious about environmental stewardship. The following report outlines a brief discussion on the basic concept of common goods and environmental stewardship. The report helps to understand the economic, ethical and legal issues or problems that have a serious impact on the marketing in addressing the common good and environmental stewardship (Berliner and Prakash 2013). The report provides various examples with proper justifications. The description of the above discussion is provided in the following paragraphs. Discussion Economic Issues The economic issues or the problems can be defined as the basic problems that are related to the finite resources of an economy. When these resources are not enough or are insufficient in nature for satisfying all the requirements and needs of a human being, the situation is claimed economic issue or economic problem (Barrage, Chyn and Hastings 2014). There are three distinct questions that are to be answered for any economic problem. These questions include what should be produced, how can be produced and from whom it can be produced. These economic issues have a major impact on three common goods and environmental stewardship. There are several examples for such cases. The recognized chain of hotels namely, the Hyatt Regency strongly follows the utilization of common good environmental stewardship (Sison and Fontrodona 2012). They believe that environmental stewardship should be maintained by all organizations and businesses to keep the balance of the eco system and common goods. T hey have undertaken several measures for their actions. The main actions undertaken by Hyatt Regency to maintain the environmental stewardship include the utilization of resources thoughtfully, reducing the energy utilization and emission of greenhouse gases, reduction in the utilization and wastage of water, tackling the waste, focusing on the food waste. They have started to build a culture of environmental stewardship (Donati 2012). Moreover, the main benefit of Hyatt Regency is that they are working together for maintaining environmental stewardship from their business. However, there are several economic issues or problems in maintaining this stewardship. These economic issues have a strong impact on the common goods and environmental stewardship. For any organization, the economic issues have an impact on the marketing (King 2014). The main economic issues or problems that arise due to common good and environmental stewardship in any organization are as follows: i) Excess Resources: The resources that are utilized for maintaining the environmental stewardship are required in excess amount (Dasgupta and Ramanathan 2014). These resources are extremely needed or required for the maintenance of environmental stewardship. For example, the utilization of resources thoughtfully, reducing the energy utilization and emission of greenhouse gases, reduction in the utilization and wastage of water, tackling the waste, focusing on the food waste are done with proper measures. They cannot be done without proper resources (King 2014). These resources are expensive and thus can affect the economic balance of the organization. ii) Time: This is another most important resource utilized for the maintenance of common good and environmental stewardship. The implementation or maintenance of the excess resources in any organization or business requires time (Carroll 2014). Time is the most important resource for any organization. If time is wasted in organization, it will directly affect the economic state of that organization. The economic factors that affect the business or organization are as follows: i) Consumer Confidence: This is the most important issue in economic sector. The confidence of the consumers is the most significant indicator of economy, which evaluates the overall optimism of consumers about the state of the economy (Welchman 2012). The consumers, who are confident, have the tendency to be extremely willing to spend the money than those consumers, who have lower confidence. It means the businesses are more likely to flourish when confidence of the consumers is high. ii) Employment: The economy has the tendency to follow a specific cycle of business of the booms of economy, which are further followed by the period of decline and period of stagnation. During the periods of boom, jobs are tending to be affluent, since the companies require employees to keep up with the demand (Carroll 2014). When the unemployment rate is lower, the tends towards consumer spending are extremely high as most of the people have the income to spend, which is good for businesses and also help to drive growth. Interest Rates: The interest rates are the amounts, which a lender charges a particular business or an individual for borrowing money. Some of the small businesses mostly rely on the loans from several financial institutions or banks as the main source of finance (Dasgupta and Ramanathan 2014). The high interest rates usually end in the higher total business expenses for companies with debt. High interest rates can also reduce consumer spending, because high rates make it more expensive for consumers to take out loans to buy things like cars and homes. iv) Inflation: The rate at which the economy rises or increases in known as inflation. Inflation causes the increment in the expenses of business like the utilities, rent and the expenses of materials utilized in production (Johnson 2013). The rising costs are likely to force the businesses for incrementing the prices on their own services and the products for keeping the speed with inflation and to maintain profits. Inflation can mitigate the power of purchasing for the consumers unless the employers increment the wages on the basis on the level of inflation. Thus, it can be said that the economic issues have a strong impact on marketing in a business or organization. Legal Issues The legal issues or problems are the second most important issues for marketing in any business or organization. The main issues in marketing are as follows: i) Illegal Data Collection: This is the most important issue in any marketing campaign. If the data that is collected for the marketing campaign is illegal, the entire marketing campaign turns out to be illegal. This wrong or illegal collection of data often can turn out to be a major problem for the organization (King 2014). Thus, it is the most important step or issue for the legal sector of marketing. The most important and essential data will include information about age, demographic, spending habits, and interests. The famous and the leading marketers like Google and Facebook have become much popular due to the appropriate collection of data. ii) Illegal Distribution of Data: This is the second most important legal issue in case of .an organization (Dasgupta and Ramanathan 2014). If the data will be distributed illegally, the entire process of the organization will be considered as illegal. This illegal distribution of data is dangerous and illegal for the environment. Misleading Claims: Misleading claims in advertising may involve claims about the quality of the product, the availability of a service and any exclusion on a common good (Sison and Fontrodona 2013). This misleading of claims is even dangerous and illegal for the environment. The above mentioned issues or problems clearly define that the legal issues have a strong impact on marketing and marketers. Ethical Issues Ethical issues are nothing but the problems in ethical path undertaken by a particular organization or marketer (King 2014). The ethical issues have an extremely strong impact on marketing. The ethical issues are as follows: i) Grouping the Market Audience: Any type of unethical practices in marketing normally result in the grouping the market audience into several segments. Selective marketingmay be utilized for discouraging the explicit demand arising from the specific market segments that are undesirable or todeprivethem completely (Krasny et al. 2012). The main examples of unethical market exclusion usually include the industry attitudes towards the plus size audience and ethnic minority. ii) Ethics in Advertising and Promotion: The main point of discussion in the ethical issues in advertising content is the gender. Another important issue is ethics for marketing is violence in advertising, especially where the children should not be affected by the content (Romolini, Grove and Locke 2013). A negative advertising policy allows the specific advertiser to highlight the several disadvantages of the products of the competitors rather than displaying the evident benefits of their own services or products. These types of policies are rampant inpolitical advertising. Anti-Competitive Practices: The various approaches areanti-competitive (Melville, Bartley and Weinburgh 2012). For example,switch and baitis a particular type of fraud where the customers are lured or baited through the advertisements for some products or services that have a low price; however, the customers find in reality that the advertised good is unavailable and they are switched towards a product that is costlier and was not intended in the advertisements. The second type of anti competitive policy isplanned obsolescence. It is the approach of designing a specific product that has a limited useful life (Fisher, Campbell and Svendsen 2012). It will become non-functional or out of fashion after a certain period and thereby lets the consumer to purchase another product again. The above mentioned issues are problems are the main ethical issues in case of marketing addressing to common good and environmental stewardship. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, marketing of any organization plays, the most important role in the optimistic involvement to the general goods and marketers should be extremely serious about environmental stewardship. Common goods are those particular type of goods, which are non excludable and non tangible in nature. These types of common goods are checked on some of the basic criteria to check whether their consumption done by any particular individual is preventing the other individuals from consumption or not. The criterion normally checks, whether there is a possibility for precluding the various consumers from accessing the goods or not. This criterion is checked even after the good is not purchased. The most relevant examples of the common goods are water and air. The dutiful protection and usage of the environment by practices that are conservative and sustainable. The maintenance of environmental stewardship is the basic responsibility of ever y organization with their services and products. The above report has provided a brief description on the basic concept of common goods and environmental stewardship. The report has also helped in understanding the various legal, economic and ethical problems and issues, which have the most dangerous impact on the marketing for addressing the environmental stewardship and common good. The report has also provided several examples with relevant justifications. The report has thus clearly proved the statement that marketing makes a positive contribution to the common goods and marketers are serious about environmental stewardship. References Barrage, L., Chyn, E., and Hastings, J. 2014. Advertising, reputation, and environmental stewardship: Evidence from the BP oil spill.Ann Arbor,1001, 48109-1220. Berliner, D., and Prakash, A. 2013. Signaling environmental stewardship in the shadow of weak governance: The global diffusion of ISO 14001.Law Society Review,47(2), 345-373. Carroll, C. 2014. Native enclosures: Tribal national parks and the progressive politics of environmental stewardship in Indian Country.Geoforum,53, 31-40. Connolly, J. J., Svendsen, E. S., Fisher, D. R., and Campbell, L. K. 2013. Organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in New York City.Landscape and Urban Planning,109(1), 76-84. Dasgupta, P., and Ramanathan, V. 2014. Pursuit of the common good.Science,345(6203), 1457-1458. Demarche, P., Junghanns, C., Nair, R. R., and Agathos, S. N. 2012. Harnessing the power of enzymes for environmental stewardship.Biotechnology advances,30(5), 933-953. Donati, P. 2012. Discovering the relational character of the common good.Sociology and Catholic Social Teaching: Contemporary Theory and Research,6, 193. Fisher, D. R., Campbell, L. K., and Svendsen, E. S. 2012. The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship.Environmental Politics,21(1), 26-48. Johnson, D. 2013. Can competent authorities cooperate for the common good: towards a collective arrangement in the North-East Atlantic. InEnvironmental Security in the Arctic Ocean(pp. 333-343). Springer, Dordrecht. King, P. 2014.Socialism and the common good: new Fabian essays. Routledge. Krasny, M. E., Crestol, S. R., Tidball, K. G., and Stedman, R. C. 2014. New York City's oyster gardeners: Memories and meanings as motivations for volunteer environmental stewardship.Landscape and urban planning,132, 16-25. Melville, W., Bartley, A., and Weinburgh, M. 2012. Change Forces: Implementing Change in a Secondary School for the Common Good.Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy. Romolini, M., Grove, J. M., and Locke, D. H. 2013. Assessing and comparing relationships between urban environmental stewardship networks and land cover in Baltimore and Seattle.Landscape and Urban Planning,120, 190-207. Sison, A. J. G., and Fontrodona, J. 2012. The common good of the firm in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(2), 211-246. Sison, A. J. G., and Fontrodona, J. 2013. Participating in the common good of the firm.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), 611-625. Welchman, J. 2012. A defence of environmental stewardship.Environmental Values,21(3), 297-316.

The Book Theif Movie Review Essay Example

The Book Theif Movie Review Essay The Book Thief Movie Review BY Burglar,98 The Book Thief It all started with a train, some snow and my brother A man with an accordion heart and a woman cloaked In thunder, lathing their new daughters arrival on a street named after Heaven. From the beloved, best-selling novel by Markus Sack, comes the Oscar-winning film directed by Brian Percival, The Book Thief, starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson and Sophie NÂ ©else. Set in 1938 (shortly after the rise of Adolph Hitler), a mysterious narrator (voiced by Robert Alum) tells the story of a young girl named Lease Melange (Sophie NÂ ©else) who steals The Gravediggers Handbook from a young grave digger, thus starting her love affair with books the beginning to an illustrious career; a career that will end with Lilies defying the society and sparking courage in the hearts of those around her. Meanwhile in the basement of her home a Jewish refugee (Max) is being sheltered by her adoptive parents. The mysterious narrator of the film who we later discover Is Death (or the Grim Repaper expresses the themes of Darkness and The Power of Words through the harassers such as Rudy Steiner, Max Vandenberg (portrayed by Ben Schnauzer) and Hans Hibernate (Geoffrey Rush) in the film, as well as the actions. Death is merely an invisible presence in the film, who finds himself captured in the beauty of Lilies Engineer. Death has a darkly witty and sardonic nature in The Book Thief, as well as his gentler, nourishing side, which we see when he tells of the sadness he feels as he collects the many souls who pass through his arms during the film. We will write a custom essay sample on The Book Theif Movie Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Book Theif Movie Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Book Theif Movie Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All 3 characters who embody the themes of Darkness and The Power of Words also demonstrate the trudge of an individual against the prevailing ideology of his/her constricted society. We start with Rudy, Lisles first friend in the town of Mulching, Germany. With his blonde hair and blue eyes and his athletic and Intellectual genius, he makes for the perfect Nazi soldier. But because of his naivety and obliviousness to the real horrors of World War II, he truly does not see the harm in wanting to be the fastest man alive like his favorite Olympic relay champion, Jesse Owens (who happened to be an African American man). This proves to be the struggle for Rudy Steiner as he tries to discover his identity in the midst of the chaos and ongoing sadness In Mulching. He goes against his society by demonstrating his love for Jesse Owens, despite the fact that his father tries to explain to him how Wanting to be black Is bad news. Near the end of the movie, he is signed up for a training camp for young Nazi soldiers, and in an attempt to escape the training, runs away into the forest with Lilies for a while, expressing their hatred for Hitler before returning home. When Lilies finally confesses to Rudy that her family is hiding a Jewish person in their basement, Rudy remains faithful to her and stays silent. Story tells us, Mans father sacrificed himself to save Lisles adopted father Hans from the first World War, and therefore owed Mans father a favor; in this case, keeping Max in their basement as refuge from the Jewish concentration camps. The symbol of darkness that we see in the film reflects the most in Mans character; Max hides in the Hibernates house for several years to escape Nazi soldiers, but all the while still managing to stay alive in the darkness of the basement. The darkness of the story in this circumstance represents both fear and safety simultaneously. Max is also the second person (along with Hans Hibernate) who inspires Lilies to read and write in fact, he paints over every page in his copy of Mien Kampala (which initially saved his life) so that Lilies would have a book to write in. He inspires Lilies to speak with her eyes when she writes, and helps to create a unique new sense as she discovers the wonders of how powerful words can be. Last but not least, we introduce Hans Hibernate, the lovable foster father of Lilies with the accordion heart. He is the first person to show compassion towards Lilies upon her arrival in Mulching, by being kind-hearted and gentle, nicknaming her your majesty on her first day with him and his wife, Rosa. He discovers her copy of The Grave-Diggers handbook on her third night at the house, and he insists on bonding with her by proposing that they read the book together. After they finish the first book, she secretly steals another one from a large pile of burning books a symbol of he destruction of the books that ruined the minds of children in the Nazi party. After the two book-lovers finish the second book, Hans surprises Lilies with a gift: A blackboard dictionary, so she can write down all the words shes learnt. This is significant in the way that he almost creates an alternate reality for her to live in, which is somehow illegal because of the laws against specific books. Its also significant in the reflection that he creates the dictionary in the basement, where Max is set to be refugee later in the film. This creates a deeper meaning to both themes in he film, in the sense that it weaves the basement and its darkness further into the meaning of the story, as well as the power of the words that Lilies introduces to Max when he does take refuge downstairs. l have seen a great many things. Eve attended all the worlds worst disasters. And worked for the greatest of villains. And Eve seen the greatest of wonders. But its still like I said it was. No one lives forever. When I finally came for Lilies, I took self- pleasure in the knowledge that she had lived her 90 years so wisely. By then, her Tories had touched many souls; some of them I came to know in passing. Max, whose friendship lasted almost as long as Lilies Almost. In her final thoughts, she saw the long list of loves that merged with hers: Her three children, her grandchildren, her husband Among them, lit like lanterns, were Hans and Rosa, her brother, and the boy whose hair remained the color of lemons forever. I wanted to tell The Book Thief she was one of the few souls that made me wonder what it was to live. But in the end, there were no words. Only peace. The only truth I know is that I am haunted by humans

Your 5-Question Resume Checklist

Your 5-Question Resume Checklist Even if you don’t feel iffy about your resume, it’s always worth checking in from time to time to do a little self-evaluation- just to make sure your resume is as strong as it can be. Here is your 5 question resume checklist to make sure your documents are doing the work they need to do to get you hired. 1. Does it show you off enough?The most important thing a resume can do is show a potential employer what you can offer them. Does your resume clearly and quickly show off your particular strengths: your skills, your experiences, your qualifications? Give it a quick read and see if you can name your top five biggest strengths or assets without thinking too hard. And whether you’ve shown enough proof of them in your descriptions.2. Does it look good?It may make you look good on paper, but what if it isn’t quite so presentable itself? Give it a quick eyeball for layout and design. It should be clean, clear, and easy to read. The font and formatting should no t be distracting. And there should be no unnecessary clutter, or long rambling paragraphs. Consider bullet points to clean up longer sections, and make sure your margins and headers are all uniform.3. Is it special?You want your resume to stand out among the crowd. If it’s appropriate in your field, you could consider adding a subtle touch of color, or perhaps an infographic of some kind. If experimentation isn’t valued in your field, stick with the basics, but err on the side of clean and clear.4. Is it precise?You want to be as accurate as possible when describing your qualifications. That means no fibbing, no truth-stretching, and no outright lies. It also means proofreading to avoid embarrassing spelling, punctuation, or grammatical mistakes. Any of these will get your resume thrown straight into the shredder. Speak the truth and nothing but the truth, and do it in well-crafted error-free sentences.5. Does it have that special something?The number one question recr uiters ask themselves after reading a resume is: so what? Yes, this candidate has the necessary background skills and required experience. So what? See if your resume leaves a lingering air of You have to hire her; she’s great! Do this by making sure your resume answers all the questions a hiring manager might have, and shows that you’re the candidate that fills in all the missing pieces to their puzzle.

LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2

LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2 LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2 Trabajo practico: El cuento de ciencia ficcià ³n . La nocià ³n de intertextualidad . 1. Lean los recuadros de las paginas 92 y 98 del libro de texto, y respondan el siguiente cuestionario: ?Cà ³mo puede definirse el cuento de ciencia ficcià ³n ? Los cuentos de ciencia ficcià ³n son narraciones que expresan temores e ilusiones acerca del destino de la humanidad. Asà ¬, en este tipo de literatura, se crean sociedades futuras o mundos paralelos en los que suceden hechos que pueden explicarse desde la là ³gica racional de la ciencia. B ?Que preguntas sobre la ciencia produjo a la humanidad la Revolucià ³n Industrial ? Despues de la Rev. Industrial, comienza a pensarse que la ciencia tiene infinitas posibilidades de avance. Esto generà ³ esperanzas que tambien se reflejan en la literatura: ?Puede el ser humano ser mejor, vivir en un mundo mas justo, terminar con la guerra y el odio Pueden curarse todas las enfermedadesEs posible evitar la muerte? Pero tambien habà ¬an temores:   ?Tiene el ser humano derecho a manipular la vidaY si la tecnologà ¬a arruina las relaciones entre las personas?, etc. B De acuerdo al tipo de temas que aborda, ?que tipos de cuentos de ciencia ficcià ³n existen? La llamada ciencia ficcià ³n â€Å"dura†, que gira especialmente en torno a los avances, las formas y las consecuencias de la tecnologà ¬a y otra mas preocupada por las relaciones humanas y sociales. B Definan utopà ¬a ycontra utopà ¬a . Una utopà ¬a es una idea que parece imposible de realizar, inalcanzable, dentro de un mundo ideal que representa los deseos de perfeccià ³n de quien imagina ese mundo. Un mundo contra utà ³picoCONTRAUTÓPICO, sonES en los queAQUEL EN EL QUE los seres humanos, valiendose de los avances de la ciencia, destruyen las relaciones interpersonales, la naturaleza, la cultura y hasta el planeta, ya sea el propio o una colonizado. B 2. Lean el siguiente cuento: Barb a brillante De Fredric Brown Ella estaba asustada, terriblemente asustada, desde que su padre la concediera en matrimonio al extrano hombre de la barba de color encendido.  ¡Habà ¬a algo tan siniestro en el, en su gran fuerza, en sus ojos aguilenos, en el modo como la miraba†¦! Ademas corrà ¬a el rumor -sà ³lo un rumor, por supuesto- de que tuvo otras esposas y que nadie sabà ¬a lo que les habà ¬a ocurrido. Y tambien el extrano asunto del cuarto al que le prohibià ³ entrar, y ni siquiera sà ³lo asomarse al interior. Hasta hoy lo habà ¬a obedecido especialmente despues de intentar abrir la habitacià ³n y encontrarla cerrada con llave. Pero ahora esta de pie enfrente de la puerta, con la llave, o con lo que creà ¬a era la llave, en su mano. Era una llave que habà ¬a encontrado, apenas una hora antes, en el escritorio de su esposo; sin duda se deslizà ³ de uno de sus bolsillos, y parecà ¬a del tamano justo para el agujero de la cerradura de la puerta del cuarto proh ibido.

5 different ones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 different ones - Essay Example If only one X chromosome is affected, she is a carrier. On the other hand, a male suffers from the disease if he has only one allele due to the presence of only one X chromosome in males. The mating of a female carrier with a normal male will not result in any of the daughters suffering from hemophilia. However, there is a fifty percent probability that the daughter may also be a carrier (VanPutte et al 2011). Answer. A normal cell of the human body has 46 chromosomes. The karyotype of a human cell during mitosis reveals that each chromosome is accompanied by another chromosome and these two chromosomes have a similar shape and size. This pair of similar chromosomes is referred to as homologous chromosomes and thus the humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (Campbell et al 2010). The homologous chromosomes have genes of the same trait. This means that the gene for a particular biological feature is present at the same place on homologous chromosomes. For example, the trait of eye color would be present at the same location on both the chromosomes. Thus, genes of the same trait lie at the same level on the homologous chromosomes (Campbell et al 2010). Answer. The process of meiosis is important for the reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes to haploid. There are two cell divisions during meiosis and the changes in the offspring result due to the genetic material coming from both the parents. The separation of the chromosomes followed by the reduction of the diploid number to haploid occurs during this process. Along with this, alterations are made in the haploid number during the process of meiosis. This results in new combinations of genes (Khanna 2008). Crossing over as well as fertilization which is unsystematic and the grouping of chromosomes independently is responsible for the production of new genes. This is significant for the purpose of selection as well

What does the Warrior Ethos mean to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What does the Warrior Ethos mean to me - Essay Example Rather, everyone must fight at work, in society, and in our relationships to stay safe and successful. Without the impulse to engage in fight, a person is listless and demotivated. However, fighting without a code is disastrous and unhealthy. This book is unique to me in respect that it very effectively offers a code which can help all people defend their individual purposes. This code can be used by us to stay true to ourselves. This book is a great treat not for members of military merely, but for everyone who has had to fight for anything at any point in life. It offers an interesting insight into the life of a warrior with which everyone can relate and gather huge life-changing lessons. The book tells that what separates warriors from vulnerable individuals is their ability to endure adversity. Concluding, The Warrior Ethos was originally written with army officers in the author’s mind, but even a common person like myself can effortlessly relate with it. This is because of the great lessons enclosed in it which have implications for everyone from every

Cheap Air Travel Essay Example for Free

Cheap Air Travel Essay In contemporary society, it is an interesting phenomenon that cheap air travel is becoming increasingly popular. Yet at the same time, people have different opinions over whether it is advantageous for our life. Some people asserts that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages while others argue the reverse. Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. For many countries, tourism accounts for is large part of a nation’s GDP and without it the economy would suffer; to put it another wayï ¼Å' foreign tourists usually spend a lot of money on the services that the host country provides, among others, boosting the souvenir sales in the scenery spots and as a result the local business thrive. Moreover, through encouraging tourism, governments are promoting the image of their cities and countries. . For exampleï ¼Å'in my country, China, where 2008 Olympics was hosted, cheap air travel made long-distance travelling more affordable to common people ,people have a refreshing’s perception of our country. From the opposite standpoint, tourism also allows local people to gain exposures from to people abroad, not only broadening their horizon but also stimulating idea exchange. This win-win situation is not easy to form unless the travelling cost is affordable. I would agree that every coin has two sides. One possible reason for this is that not all tourists have good manners. In some cases their inappropriate behaviors y may even have a negative influence on the local population and even threaten local people’s safety and health, such as the infamous September-11 attacks happened in New York. But these bad situations occurrences are rare and some risk-averse countries therefore establish strict visa policies to particular population which they identify as high risk. From above, I would admit that the trend of cheap air travel has pros and cons. Despite that,However, I’m convinced that this it is beneficial and is worthwhile to be promoted by governments , although we should take effective measures to keep dangerous people away.

Abortion: Common Ground Must Be Found Essay -- abortion, argumentativ

Consider for a moment a society in which there are no rules or laws. A society in which everyone is allowed to do what they please whenever they feel like it without any consequences. The world would be in a state of chaos. In order to maintain order and implement laws we use a set of morals to judge what actions are permissible and which are not. Through evaluating their actions and the outcomes of these actions, humans begin to develop morals. However, to fully understand the consequences one must first claim responsibility for her actions. The moral validity of abortion does not depend on the status of the unborn as a person, when life begins-whether it is conception, birth, or sometime between-or religious beliefs. The permission of abortion contradicts the very definition and purpose of morality and the right to privacy. The United States International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo in 1994, recognized unsafe abortion as a major public health concern. The World Health Organization estimates that about 75,000 women die each year from unskilled abortions. Damage to women’s health and the burden of care that falls on often scarce hospital resources also add to the costly impact of poorly performed abortions on public health systems. Abortions are usually performed without adequate skill because of laws that make safe, medically performed abortion services unlawful. Within the last two centuries, and particularly during the twentieth century, abortion has been criminalized. It was only in the closing decades of the last century that laws have recognized women’s needs and rights to have access to safe abortion services. Historically many customary laws condemned the interruption of pregnancy, wheth... ...that it’s not easy. Instead I think that there should be more awareness brought about to young woman that consider it, maybe classes be completed before the procedure is done informing them on the risks that are being taken and the other alternatives that are available out there. I feel that if God can forgive than the people should too. Human rights laws are increasingly giving priority to women’s health, dignity, and capacity as the principal decision makers over their own reproduction. Countries whose laws criminalize abortion and compromise women’s health and welfare are facing louder calls for reform. To counter this, conservative governments and religious authorities support restrictive laws and urge more prohibitions against abortions. I just hope that one day that both sides can come to an agreement upon this issue that divides the American people into two.

Education Is the Key to Changing Life Styles Essay

Narration essay by Marie Price 3 February 2009 for Engliish 1AMarie Price06 February 2009 I was once a young mother in an abusive marriage, uneducated, sacred, and wondering Is this life has in store me? I learned the hard way that no matter what mistakes I make in my life, with support of family and friends, I was able to choose a better life style through higher education and dedication. At the age of sixteen I got married and had a child. I heard the saying over, and again Just babies having babies. You could not convince me of that back then. As I look back now it was not one of my better choices. I had married a man who was a lot older than me, so therefore I just knew I was all grown up. My mother was not happy to say the least and a shouting match lasted for a few days. I told her if she did not sign the papers I would run away, do it anyway and she would never see me again. So against her better judgment she signed the papers. The first couple of years were good, but then it got abusive verbally as well as physical. Physical abuse is obvious black eyes, and bruises hidden behind sun glasses, and makeup. When there is verbal abuse you are told nobody will ever want you, and that you are to dumb to ever do any thing on your own, or you will never amount to anything. The funny thing about that is after a while for some reason you begin to believe it. After ten years of this, I finally divorced. I was scared and thought I was not going to be able to make it on my own. With a young daughter to support, I took my first step in many to come in my lifes journey, working two jobs to keep a roof over our heads, and it was not easy to make ends meet. I never went to high school; so I believed it was my destiny to struggle for the rest of my life. As a single young parent trying to be the best mother I could be, always at work I missed a lot of time with my daughter, time I wish now I had to do over again. It is 1998 I decided to take my GED test telling myself You will not be to pass this test you never went to school. Well I gathered all my will and took the test anyway; I remember waiting for t he results it was sheer touchier. Then came one of the best days of my life I passed the test. That was the first step in many to happiness that I am still working on to this day. In 1999 while at work at the warehouse I was employed at I met a man named Carlos, who to this day is a big part of my life. He is an educated man who is very well spoken, with lots of great advice. He and I became friends, and talked a lot about peoples choices in life. Carlos is a very wise man with a heart of gold. Trough our many talks I learned a person could do what ever they first, set there minds to and second, have the drive to want to better themselves. He seen something in me that I did not see in myself, the ability to go further in life, I ended up leaving that job for employment in Orange County as a credit processor. Thinking that was the job I would retire from. It did not work out that way; you hear the story over and over on the news, the company goes out of business and the employees are left out in the cold looking for work that is not there. This was at the end of 2007 like so many others could not find work. Bills going unpaid I lost my car first then my house shortly after, and became homeless, so for the first time since I moved out of my moms house so many years ago I felt that I had no where to turn and my ex was correct about not being able to make it on my own, with the feeling of complete despair I phoned my mom telling her my dilemma just wanting some one to talk to, I felt so hopeless, and alone not knowing what to do. Well my mom and brother talked, and then asked me if I wanted I could stay with them until I got back on my feet. I started some classes via mail and very well, one more step toward higher education. So I announced to my family I am going to go to college full time. It is now fall semester 2008 at Chaffey College; I have to my first semester was a challenge and the first couple of weeks I found myself calling my thirty two year old daughter Amy, a couple of times saying I do not think this was such a great idea, I dont know what made me think I could do this. Amy said to meMom dont give up I am so proud of you, and I know you can do this. With a lot of time spent at the writing center as well as the success centers I was able to shock myself once again. I received two (As) and one (B) last semester. Not bad for someone who never went to high school? I still have my struggles, this semester it is math but I am putting in the extra effort coming to campus on Fridays so I can spend all the time I need in the PS 12 math labs, because failing is not an option I have come too far, and I refuse to give up. I believe that without my familys support this wouldnt be possible to achieve my dream of making something of myself. I will be starting a new tradition in my family. I am proud to say I will be the first college graduate in my family. I have two granddaughters Anisa who is sixteen, and Angel who is thirteen. I constantly tell them how important their education is. I am adamant about the fact they will go to college as well, expressing to them how they need to be independent young women and seek higher education. I let them know what a struggle it was for me as a young mother, and how they deserve more in life. Could there be a better life for someone who quits school too young and becomes pregnant? With confidence in ones self and the ability to take it one step at a time all things are possible. When all seems lost friends and family will see in you the things we seem to over look in ourselves. It is not easy to return to school after being out for over twenty years, but I am here to say that no matter what mistakes we make in our lives, through hard work and dedication to higher education, all things are possible.

Descriptive Final

Robert Campbell Mrs. Overly ENGL 1301. 54 11/1/2005 Assignment: Ch. 3. Descriptive Writing—â€Å"The Body Farm† p. 139, #1. Write an essay in which you describe something that most people would find repulsive or frightening. Skydiving It was an ordinary day in June when a few friends and I decided that we wanted to do something that we thought was exhilarating, so we went skydiving. What is skydiving you might ask yourself? Skydiving is exactly what it sounds like, the act of jumping or falling out of an aircraft and parachuting to the earth. Some people might call you crazy or even think that it is repulsive or frightening, but those adventurous enough to participate will never forget what it is like and will want to do it over and over again. To us, skydiving is a vacation. The morning that we decided to go skydiving was a time that I will never forget. I awoke that Saturday and began to think about what I was going to do; after an idea came to me I called my friend Raquel and Julie. When they picked up the phone and heard of what I was asking of them they both were apprehensive and nervous, but after talking to them for a while they both decided that we would go. Around 12:30 I picked them up and we went to get something to eat at McDonalds, before heading out to Skydive Spaceland in Rosharon. I have to admit that upon arriving at Skydive Spaceland my friends and I began to wonder what had gotten into us. Upon our arrival we first went into the plane hanger and then to a place they call â€Å"Manifest†, which is where you began to sign your life away. Filling out the papers took my friends and I approximately 30 to 40 minutes to complete, and this paper work was basically legal documents that say if you are injured or hurt in anyway shape or form in the dive that the are not liable for anything. When we were through signing the papers and paying the fees, we were then ready to take the class required for the dive. In order to skydive you must take a 45 minute class that explains the important things required to prepare for jumping. Probably the two most important instructions they teach you, are what altitude you must pull the parachute at, which is 5500 feet, and the saying â€Å"fly fifty five to stay alive†. Another thing that was also important was the arch of your back when first exiting the plane. This was necessary because it forces your body to flip over causing you to fall in a controlled motion. In the class my friends and I had to practice this motion by squatting and quickly going to a standing position while arching our backs, it insured that we understood the motion. Following the class was over we then began to suit up into royal blue jump suit, which look like astronaut space suits. Once suited up we began to board into the aircraft, which was a twin engine plane only big enough to seat about 25 people, and reeked of gasoline. Before this point in my life I had never rode in a plane, so it was going to be a first. We boarded the plane and began to seatbelt ourselves in next to our tandem jump instructors. Then the plane began to take off and at this time I was pretty nervous but my adrenaline was pumping so fast I did not know what to think. The plane ride took about 15 minutes to reach the appropriate altitude that we needed to exit the plane, and the time we rode with the cargo bay door wide open. When we reached the appropriate altitude I was the first in line to exit the aircraft, which was scary because I had not watched anyone else exit before me. Upon exiting the aircraft you hear a loud sound â€Å"whoosh†, and a cold wind comes over your body. Then the most exhilarating feeling came over me and I was having a blast. We had to do a number of things that we learned in our class, while we were up in the air. Such as, checking you altimeter at different altitudes and shaking the camera mans hand, and over all just having fun. And then at 5500 feet it was time to pull the parachute. There is a misconception that when the parachute is pulled that the person is jerked up from the parachute deploying; but this is not true because it is an optical illusion due to the fact that the camera man videoing the free fall continues to fall, therefore making it look as the he was jerked upward. After the parachute was deployed, there is an 8 to 10 minute descent, after landing on the ground I was thankful but at the same time my adrenaline was pumping and I was ready to do it again. And the video camera observed the whole scene. Although some people might call you crazy or even think that sky diving is repulsive or frightening, but to those who venture to share in this act we call skydiving will never forget what it is like and will want to do it over and over again. Skydiving is something that I enjoy and plan to do at least a few more time in my life. I have to say that it was the funniest experiences in my life.

Discussion Procedures Questions Final Essay

Discussion Procedures Questions Final Essay Discussion Procedures Questions Final Essay The use of questions is an integral part of teaching and there are a variety of questions as well as a variety of reasons for using questions while teaching. Asking the right questions promote learning and discovery, piques students interest, and creates discussions. This essay will explore the use and benefits of using questions to promote learning. In order for students to feel safe asking and answering questions, the first and most important thing a teacher can do is to create an environment that is conducive to asking questions. It is important to create an environment where students feel emotionally safe, and respected in their classroom, once this happens they will be able to grow and learn together. The climate of the classroom needs give students’ the ability to ask questions, answer questions, and share knowledge without the risk of being ridiculed or being made to feel inadequate, unimportant etc. In order to create this type of environment students must be taught that their classmates, and everyone who walks into the room comes with different background experiences, and the potential to perceive things differently then they do. It is important for students to understand and to recognize their classmates are coming in with different experiences and that they must respect those differences. It is important to crea te an environment that is respectful of students differences, safe for students to express their ideas, and to be open to others points of views. Once students are able to recognize and respect these differences then and only then will they be able to provide and receive constructive feedback. In order to create a safe environment students need to feel they can ask questions, answer questions, and make statements that won’t be ridiculed. Another aspect to creating a classroom that is conducive to students asking questions is to avoid bias. For example, stereotyping is a form of bias such as in a math and science class the teacher will call on boys more often than girls as stereotypically boys have a more mathematical and scientific mindset. By doing this the teacher makes the girls feel inferior. On the other hand in a language arts class the teacher will ask girls more questions than boys, as stereotypically girls are more of the language art mindset. By doing this they make the boys feel inferior. Another bias is teachers will refrain from asking ELL or struggling students questions because they don’t want to embarrass them or make them feel singled out. However if teachers would utilize questioning strategies that direct students in the right way by using redirecting, probing, and queuing to help students be successful with their answers then those biases can be avoided. By using these techniques you are ab le to build up the confidence up in the students and this will help create an environment that is conducive to students asking and answering questions. Another example of a bias that teachers need to avoid would be avoiding asking the long-winded students to provide feedback. By avoiding asking this type of students questions you are ultimately going to make this student feel inferior to the rest of the class and that their answers are not even worthy of being called heard. These types of biases must be avoided in order to create a climate that is conducive to students asking questions. Students can learn from each other’s experiences, as they are able to share those experiences, consider each other’s perspectives, and sometimes push themselves out of their comfort zone for the sake of learning. By allowing students to express their thoughts and ideas, they will learn to build relationships and practice collaboration, they will learn to respect others opinions even if they are different from their own. Students need to be given a chance to problem solve through conversation and collaboration. It's so much better when ideas and solutions come from the student. These are all things that happen in a

Poetry Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry Paper - Essay Example He sees both the roads and looks at them until the vision of his eye permits him to do so. The second stanza of the poem begins with the explanation of the poet for both the roads. He presents that both the roads do not hold much differences. The only difference in the two paths is that one of the roads seems to be less used and less travelled. He chooses this path for himself. In the third stanza of the poem, Frost restates his point that both the paths were almost the same and he thinks that he would come back to walk on the other path some other time. He then states that deep down he knows the fact that he will not get a chance to come back and walk on the other road. In the last stanza of the poem, Frost presents that after the passage of many years he will share his experience with other people and explain to them that he had a choice to opt between one of the two paths in the woods. He concludes his poem by saying that he will explain to the people the reason for his choice. Th e poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has an important underlying theme and is not merely about the decision of Frost of opting for a path in the forest. The poem explains the characteristics of human nature and presents an important point that comes in the life of every human being which is the point of taking a decision. This is an occurrence which takes place in the life of every individual when a person has to opt for a decision. The two paths in the poem signify the point in a person’s life when he has two different options but he has to opt for only one. The analysis of Frost of the two roads in the woods explains human nature when every person analyzes the different options that are available to him so that he can choose what is best for him. The thinking of Robert Frost that he will come back to walk on the other road when he is well aware that he will never be able to do so also highlights an important aspect of the human beings. It explains the hap pening of the life of every individual as after a person makes a choice regarding his life; it is not possible for him to go back to that point and opt for another option that was available for him then. This is because one option that a person chooses leads towards many other happenings and it is not possible to go back to the first point and start from the scratch again. The poem also puts forward another very important aspect of the nature of human beings which is dissatisfaction. A human being does not get satisfied with what he gets and he always tends to think that had he opted for another choice for himself, he might have been in a better position. This ambiguity is presented in the poem when Frost also wills to walk on the other path but he knows that it will not be possible. Thus the poem carries important themes and messages. Works Cited Top of Form Frost, Robert.  The Road Not Taken, Birches, and Other Poems. Claremont, Calif: Claremont Canyon Press, 2010. Print. Bottom of

Biochemistry of Nutrition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biochemistry of Nutrition - Assignment Example The mechanisms included in DNA tolerance are a replicative bypass of template damage with gap formation and translesion DNA synthesis. This paper attempts to throw light on DNA repair by direct repair mechanisms. The major source of base damage upon exposure to UV radiation at wavelengths near absorption maximum of DNA is the production of photo products such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidones. The photoproducts mediate DNA damage by posing serious threats to viability and functional integrity of cells by interfering with vital processes including DNA replication and transcription. The reversal of DNA damage through photoreactivation is a mechanism that involves the repair of photoproducts. The light-dependent process reverses DNA damage through monomerization of cis-syn-cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers. Furthermore, the trans-syn-cyclobutyl pyrimidine is also repaired through the light-dependent repair process. The process involves the formation of a DNA complex with photoreactivating enzyme. The complex absorbs light (>300nm) which causes the repair of the damaging photoproducts after which the native DNA is restored after the release of photoreactivating enzyme. The depletion of one or more nutrients results in sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. A spore product called thyminyl-thymine adduct is formed when Bacillus subtilis is exposed to UV radiation at ~240nm. The repair of spore photoproduct occurs during early germination and is mediated through the SP-specific repair process. Furthermore, spore photoproducts are also repaired through nucleotide excision repair system. The formation of O6-Methylguanine occurs as a result of damage caused by the presence of alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Project Quantitative Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Quantitative Method - Essay Example Five hospitals will be selected from each of the county and the selection will be done by picking the hospitals at an interval of two on a list. After every two hospitals on the list the next will be the one to be studied. The sample size will consist of 100 hospitals which are expected to be studied in this research. The bigger the sample sizes the better because errors will be minimized and the results of the study could be a clear representation of the actual state on the ground and could also be used in other studies. However a bigger sample size means a bigger budget and more time to carry out the study. In protecting research participants, a number of things are going to be considered. Protecting them will begin from the time the sample will be selected, to collection and use of the information gathered. In selecting the participants, reasons will be given why they should be included in the study, how they were brought into the study in order to avoid coercion, they will be required to give consent before participating in the study, they will also be told of the research procedure and any risks they may face together with the benefits that they will get for participating in the study. In the use of the data gathered anonymity will be ensured and no names will be mentioned in the study. This is aimed at protecting the participant’s identities and thus confidentiality will be maintained from collection, to storage and disposal of the data gathered. The study plans on using structured questionnaires that will be used to gather data on the hospitals selected. This method has been selected because it will be easy to administer the questionnaires. The data gathered will be reliable as they will only be given to five people who manage the hospital to increase validity and objectivity. Everything will be done by the researcher as he will be there to ensure that the questionnaire is filled appropriately by clarifying details that may not be understood. The

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College Essay

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College - Essay Example However, it is also important to understand that the terms of each contract mostly vary from project to project depending upon the requirements of the each project. These terms largely depend upon the preference for quality, economy, flexibility as well as speed with which agreed terms and conditions of the contract can be delivered. Under these contracts, the allowable costs associated with the contract are identified first as these costs would be major costs to make buying and selling on the agreed terms of the contract. All the costs incurred therefore by the sellers are reimbursed by the buyer in the end according to the agreed terms of the contract. This type of contract can be highly risky for the buyer because the total costs associated with the contract always remain uncertain despite they are being identified. Any cost over-runs has to be borne by the buyer if contract terms go awry and does not remain within the control of either the buyer or the seller. However, on the positive side, scope changes in such kind of contracts are easy to make and buyer can do it anytime he wants however, this may increase the total cost of the contract. As discussed above that the cost reimbursable contracts are highly uncertain therefore contractors have very little ambitions or advantage to produce efficiently and productively. However, such kind of contracts helps contractors or sellers to pass on the increasing costs to the buyer. Such types of contracts are used when there is a greater uncertainty associated with the project and are used for projects which involve large investments being made in early part of its life. There are also sub-types of cost reimbursable contracts. These are: 1) Cost plus Fee are contracts where contractors are not only reimbursed of their total cost incurred but also a certain percentage of the overall cost of the contract. The percentages are decided before entering into the contract and are mostly documented in the contract. 2) Cost plus fixed fee are contract where the whole cost is charged back along with certain agreed fixed fee as the contract completion fee. This fixed fee is often considered as the profit of the seller. (contractmanagement.com, 2007). 3) Cost plus incentive is a type of contract where the buyer not only reimburse the total cost to the seller but also provide a certain amount as an incentive fee for exceeding the performance against the agreed contract terms. Such kind of terms may ensure better performance on the part of the seller as it provide them an added incentive to perform and execute the contract in most efficient way. This type f contract can beneficial to both the buyer and the seller if well written and can be a good alternative to the cost reimbursable contract. Fixed Price Contracts Such types of contracts fix a certain specific fee for the goods and services to be rendered before entering

Evaluating Agency Theorys Strengths and Weaknesses

Evaluating Agency Theorys Strengths and Weaknesses Agency theory refers to contract whereby principal engage with agent to perform some act on their behalf. The act involved giving power to agent for some decision making. Everyone work on the feet of benefit that can be gained for oneself. Thats why it is strongly agreeable that agent, as a utility maximizer will not act at the best interest of principal. Therefore, agents may cheat if they were not monitored by principal and principal, on the other hand, must bear agency cost to avoid suffering loss. These agency costs includes monitoring costs of agent, bonding costs whereby agent will try to show that they are not self-serving, and residual losses that are too costly to monitor. In general, agency cost is one of a type of internal cost incurred from, or must be paid to, an agent acting on behalf of a principal. Agency costs mainly originated from the separation of control, divergence of ownership and control and the different objectives (rather than shareholder maximization) of the managers. For example, difference of interest between shareholders and management. Shareholders hope that management could operate the company in a manner that increases shareholder value. But management may wish to run the company in ways that can maximize their personal authority  and well-being  that may not be in favor of the shareholders. From the paper, Jensen and Mecklings (1976), they used zero agency-cost firms whereby the manager is the firm sole shareholder as a reference point of comparison for all other cases of ownership and management structures. At one utmost of ownership and management structures are firms whose managers possess 100 percent of the firm. These firms, by their definition, have no agency costs. At the other utmost are firms whose managers are employees with no equity in the firm. In between are firms where the managers possess some, but not all, of their firms equity. They stated that agency costs are higher among firms that are not 100 percent owned by their managers and these costs increase as the equity share of the owner-manager declines. In other words, agency costs increases with a reduction in managerial ownership. In situation (where the managers own some, but not all, of their firms equity) whereby monitoring cost were included by equity holder to alter the opportunity the owner-manager has for possessing non-monetary benefits can decrease the owner-managers consumption of perquisites. Examples of monitoring cost include auditing and budget restrictions. However, owner-managers will still willingly enter into the contract as it will increase the firms value. The particular increase in the value of the firm that accrues will be reflected in the owners wealth, but his welfare will be increased by less than this because he forgoes some non-monetary benefits he previously enjoyed. In situation (where the managers own some, but not all, of their firms equity) whereby owner-manager expands resources to guarantee to equity holder that he would limit his activities, bonding cost incurred. Examples of bonding cost include contractual limitation on managers decision making power and auditing of financial account by public accountant. If the bonding costs were all under owner-managers control, he will gain the benefit as such of monitoring costs gives. In a nutshell, the manager finds it in his interest to incur these costs as long as the net increments in his wealth which they generate (by reducing the agency costs and therefore increasing the value of the firm) are more valuable than the perquisites given up. Although by incurring the monitoring and bonding cost increases the efficiency of firm, it does not maximize the firms value. This is because, the cost of separation of ownership and control occurred as a result of differences between efficient solution of zero monitoring and bonding cost and value of firm when there is positive monitoring cost. And Jensen and Mecklings (1976) showed that agency cost will be positive as long as monitoring costs are positive. Size and existence of agency cost depends greatly on the nature of monitoring costs, the needs of managers for non-monetary benefits and supply of potential managers who are able to finance the firm with personal wealth. Agency cost of debt indicates that there will be a rise in cost of debt when there is difference in the point of views of bondholders and management. There are a few fractions of agency costs of debts. The first one is the incentive effects related with debts. An owner-manager will intend to involve in investments with high risk and high profits with the financial structure of debt-typed claims because the loss will bear by debt-holder. For example where there are two investment options, A and B. The option B will help owner-manager to gain more equity, while the option A will give back more profit to bondholder. The choice of investment will only been done after the bonds are sold. Bondholders buy bonds from the company and suppose the company to invest in option A. However, due to the incentive effect, the manager did not invest as they expected but invest in option B which will help them gain more in equity. This will cause welfare loss to the bondholders. However, this decision c ould be realized by bondholders. If the bondholders knew the choice of the manager, they will only willing to buy the bonds at a lower price. Due to this action, the overall firm value may decrease. This reduction of firm value will be the residual loss which is also known as agency cost. This amount of agency cost is liable to owner-manager. Monitoring and bonding costs are another fraction of agency costs. In order to preserve the benefits of their own, bondholder will restrict the managements decisions. They will set contracts in details to monitor the owner-managers behavior. The contracts may influence the capacity of the management to make the best decision and decrease the profit of the firm. The decrease of the profit, the cost of enforcing the contracts and all the other costs related with the contracts are the monitoring costs. As the monitoring costs are borne by owner-manager, he will hope to minimize the monitoring cost, and therefore he will incur bonding costs. The bonding costs are incurred to give assurance to the bondholder that he will not turn aside from his promised behavior. He will only voluntarily bond himself in contract when such deed benefits him. Bankruptcy and reorganization costs are also one of the components of the agency costs of debts. Bankruptcy occurs when the firm unable to pay debt obligation. The cost of bankruptcy is always the interest of the potential buyers of fixed claims. This is because this cost will decrease their payoffs if the bankruptcy happens. If the probability of the bankruptcy cost is high, the willingness of the price buyer to pay for fixed claims will be low. The value lost because of the cost of bankruptcy will be the agency costs. The probability of bankruptcy will negatively affect the operating costs and the incomes of the firm. A firm may need to pay higher salaries in order to keep engaged the employees in the firm when the probability of the firm gone high. Besides, the firms that provide after sales services will also face decrease of sales volume. There are some factors that encourage the firms to use corporate debts although the factors discussed above will discourage them. Tax subsidy on interest payments is one of the factors. There are some theories verified that the use of risky debt will increase the value of the firm because of the tax subsidy on the interest payments. The firm will enjoy the benefits if in the end the benefit of tax subsidy covered the agency costs that incurred from debt. Furthermore, the firm will also be motivated to use corporate debt when there is a profitable investment while the firm has insufficient fund to invest. The firm will incur them provided that the profits generated from investment are greater than the marginal agency costs of debts. There is some critical variables to be concerned besides the amount of debt and equity for a given size firm, such as inside equity (Si) held by the manager, ouside equity (So) and debt (B) held by anyone ouside of the firm. Therefore, the term of ownership structure is applied rather than capital structure. Besides that, we have to identify that the cost to be inccured is related to the use of debt or outside equity in a firm. A firm which is facing capital limitation can finance the full capital value of its present and future projects if there are other individuals in the economy who have large enough amount of personal capital to finance the firm. Besides that, a firm can prevent property lossess related to the agency costs due to the sale of debt or outside equity. If not, the firm needs to acquire the excess capital in the debt market with the absence of such individuals. As a result, the owner-manager is the individual who bears the agency costs since the project is unprofitable enough to cover existing costs included agency costs. So, it is important for owner-manager who bears these costs to reduce the agency costs in order to increase his property. If the capital markets, such as the value of assets where the debt and outside equity is eficient enough to indicate the agency costs estimation with unbiased, these agency costs will bear by the selling owner-manager. So, the task of owner-manager who will take the risk to bear the cost of agency is to determine the perfect ratio of ouside equity to debt, So/B. Therefore, from the owner-managers point of view, the optimal ratio of outside funds to be acquire from equity to debt for a given level of internal equity is that E which results in minimum total agency costs, E*= So* /(B â‚ ¬Ã‚ «Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  So ) The total market value of the equity is S = Si+So, The total market value of the firm is V = S+B. 0 E*= (So/ B + So) At(E= ASo(E) + AB(E) AB(E) ASo(E) At(E*) Figure 1 We assume that the size of the firm is remain constant and the actual value of the firm V, will rely on the agency costs incurred. Figure 1 indicate the agency costs is divided into two separate components, ASo(E) represents the total agency costs of outside equity holders by the owner-manager and AB(E) represents the total agency costs of debt incurred in the ownership structure. A Ã‚ ´(E) = ASo(E) + AB(E) is the total agency cost. The optimal proportion of outside financing shown as E* where total agency costs is minimum, AT(E*). When E ºÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  So/(B+So) is zero, there is no outside equity, the managers intention to use the outside equity is zero. As E increases, his incentives to exploit the outside equity is increase and hence the agency costs ASo(E) increase. When the outside equity So = E = 0, there are a maximum of outside funds are acquire from debt. As the amount of debt decreases to zero, these costs, AB(E) decrease because his intention to rearrange wealth from the bondholders to himself falls. It is because the total amount of debt reduce, and therefore it is more easier to rearrange any amount given to the debtholders. Besides that, his reallocation shares which is accomplished is falling since So is rising and therefore inside equity, Si/(So+Si), his share of the total equity is falling. At(E* Ko) E*(Ko) At(E* K1) E*(K1) AB(E K0) ASo(E K0) AB(E K1) AS0(E K1) K1) High outside financing Low outside financing Figure 2. Agency cost functions and optimal ouside equity as a fraction of total outside financing, E*(K), for two different levels of outside financing. In order to identify the consequences of rising the amount of outside financing, and therefore decrease the amount of equity held by the manager,Si, the value of the firm, V* remain constant. The net consequence of the greater used of outside financing given the cost functions in figure 2 is to increase the total agency costs from A Ã‚ ´(E*;Ko) to A Ã‚ ´(E*;K1), and to increase the optimal portion of outside funds acquired from the sale of outside equity. Therefore, the larger the firm may incurred higher total agency costs due to the monitoring function is internally more difficult and expensive in a larger organization. At(K V*1) At(k V*o) At(E K V*) Total agency costs 0 Fraction of firm financed by outside claims KFig. 3. Total agency costs as a function of the fraction of the firm financed by outside claims for two firm sizes, V*1>V*o. Of course, there are certain risks when the owner-manager demanded for outside financing. If the owner-manager is alway relies on outside funding, he will have his entire treasure invested in the firm. Therefore, he would not optional to outside funding until he had invested 100 percent of his personal wealth in the firm. Since, the manager who invests all of his wealth in a firm, he will bear a welfare loss. However, he can prevent the agency costs when he increasing relies on outside funding by taking certain actions. If the returns from assets are not totally correlated with the project, an individual can decrease the riskiness of the returns on his part by dividing his treasure into different assets by diversifying. Of course, he will be contributed to become a minority stockholder in order to avoid this risk by suffer a wealth loss as he reduces his proportion ownership because prospective shareholders and bondholders will take into account the agency costs. The analysis of this paper is only related with a single investment-financing decision and has excluded the issues of incentives which influencing future financing-investment decisions. However, some changes have been made to conclude that the costs and benefits will be changed by the expectation of future sales of outside equity and debt which may benefit to the manager himself. If he brings out a high probability of chance for dealing business, he probably can gain a big amount of future capital from outside sources and it will help to increase the business benefit and reduce the size of the agency costs. But, finite life of individual cannot eliminate the agency cost because it needs to consider more on his successors who think of own benefit and interest. Normally, they assumed that all outside equity are no right to vote. The manager will suffer the decreasing of his partial ownership in the long-run welfare and limit his action to control over the corporation and even fire the manager if they have right to vote. Besides, if the costs of decreasing the dispersion of ownership are lesser than the benefits to be acquired from decreasing the agency costs, it will pay some individual to purchase the shares in the market to decrease the dispersion of ownership. Moreover, they proposed an alternative way for the owner-manager who carried both equity and debt outstanding to get rid of the agency costs of debt. It will be no incentive if he is bound contractually to have a portion of the total debt equal to his partial ownership of the total equity. If the manager is getting balance between the debt and equity holders, the net effect will be zero. But, the limitation is they have not conduct to the large corporation and just perform in the small company which cause them couldnt have a clear picture on formal contract of reducing agency cost. Theory of Monitoring is a major part of the analysis which they expected monitoring activities help to develop particular characteristics to those institutions and individuals will be given a lot of advantages through these activities. The analysis demonstrates that the degree of security analysis activities will lower the agency costs related with the division of ownership and control, and they are socially productive absolutely. Furthermore, they supported that there are a lot of advantages of the security analysis activity to be played in the bigger capital value of the ownership claims to firms which is not in the day to day portfolio returns if this analysis is correct. If the firm can make the private returns to analysis same with the private costs of such activity, the security analysis will be balanced. However, the analysis will not reveal the social product of this activity which will include high level output and capital value of ownership claims. Therefore, the argument s uggests that, it will be overwhelming when the shareholders pay straightforwardly to have the perfect monitoring conducted if there is imperfect of security analysis being conducted. The problems discovered in the study included Pareto inefficient which is the obtainable set of financial claims on outcomes in a market fails to extent the fundamental step. An inadequacy conclusion is generally come out without clear attention to the costs of discovering latest claims or costs of maintaining the expanded set of markets which refer to the welfare improvement. But, the problem is the difficulty of formulation a positive analysis of the maximum level of individual behaviors in the economy that may influence them to generate and sell contingent claims. So, self-interested maximizing behavior of individuals becomes the first step in the way of implementing a study of the supply of markets issue. They suppose that planning the question of the perfect markets in terms of the combine both the demand and supply conditions will be very productive instead of implicitly assuming that latest claims from independent human effort.

Not here :: essays papers

Not here Most people think that the U.S. constitution was just ratified and there was no arguments over its passing. In fact there was almost enough opposition that it came very close to not being passed. It was the Hamiltonians vs. the Jeffersonians in almost all cases. Even before the United States Constitution was ratified there was debate over whether or not to have a strict interpretation or a loose one. There was also debate over a State’s right to nullify a law. As memories of Shay’s rebellion and the reality of the Whiskey rebellion came to the front the issue of undue force became an issue. One of the other major issues during this era was the debt and the national bank. Although the constitution was passed there was much debate over whether it should be a strict or loose interpretation. Hamilton’s federalists thought it should be loose and Jefferson’s democratic-republicans strict. If it was strict then the federal government would only have the powers specifically given to it because of the tenth amendment. Too justify it being loose the federalists used the elastic clause (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18) and then they could decide what was necessary and proper. Hamilton thought that the only way â€Å"to protect states sovereignty and at the same time have a national government would be to have a strong central authority†. The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions brought to the front a very important matter of concern, a state’s right to nullify a law. The federalists said that if a state could nullify a law then what did the laws mean. The democratic-republicans thought that if a law hurt a state unduly then it could be nullified. â€Å"Resolved,† the Kentucky Legislature declared in its opening paragraph, â€Å"that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force.† Supreme authority in America, it argued, was held not by the federal government but by the people and the states, and Congress and the president had only those powers clearly delegated to them by the Constitution. This issue would not be settled until the civil war This is one of the pivotal moments of politics at that time the federalists were thrown out in 1800 mainly because of this. Another cause for concern about the new government was the use of undue force. The democratic-republicans thought that Washington used too much force in putting down the whiskey rebellion.

Academic Criticism Graphic Organizer Essay

Lady Macbeth was being haunted in her dreams because of the actions her and her husband had carried out. Characterizations was also revealed because it showed Lady Macbeth was not cold hearted and that she had a conscience. Lady Macbeth is wearing a white dress to show her true innocence but her hair is black to show the darkness within. The people were in the corner because they wanted to listen what she was saying while she was sleep walking The doctor and lady Macbeth are in this scene. There is also another woman is wearing old clothing. The doctor is a woman in this stage adaptation but is described as a male in Shakespeare’s writing. Again, Lady Macbeth is wearing a white dress and has black hair implying her guilt ridden conscience. Step 2: Question Why was it chosen for Lady Macbeth’s character to experience such guilt when she was such a cold hearted character in the beginning? How did this  contribute to the outcome of the play? Why was Lady Macbeth in all white? Why was the doctor remaining in the corner instead of helping Lady Macbeth back to her bed? Why in this adaptation did Lynch have the doctor as a woman and not as a male like the play had portrayed? Step 3: Analyze Lady Macbeth starts to feel guilty because it shows the darkness that is slowly going to start taking over Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship and not in a good way. The doctor stayed in the corner with the woman to show their interest in what Lady Macbeth was saying and how they were whispering to each other. Lady Macbeth was put in all white to show she still had a sense of innocence to her Lynch possibly made a woman play as the doctor because earlier in the play the doctor states that all men are born of women. Step 4: Evaluate The author accomplishes the theme that Darkness is Dangerous because showing how the evil actions that Lady Macbeth had did left a darkness in her that she could not handle. Therefore, haunting her through many nights and eventually leading to her own downfall. The painter accomplished the portrayal they wanted the viewer to see of the guilt ridden soul that Lady Macbeth had obtained and how she in fact was remorseful for the things she did, showing her pure innocence that she has  always, shown just by simply wearing a white dress and the people in the corner whispering showing how her thoughts that were being spoken must have been of high importance and depth. The director accomplished a portrayal of the doctor in his own words. â€Å"All men are born of women.† I also feel that a male doctor might not have been more likely to stay ease drop on Lady Macbeths sleepwalking like a woman would. Critique: Shakespeare’s original text of Lady Macbeths sleepwalking scene which had shown the toll that was taken on Lady Macbeth after the murder she had taken part in, was and inspiration not only for painters but for other directors to remake the play in their interpretations. Both the painting and the Theater production captured the sole purpose of the scene that Shakespeare originally had wrote and they were both similar in character with only a slight difference. The painting by Artus Scheiner, had captured Lady Macbeth’s innocence but also accomplished making the scene seem a bit â€Å"spooky† with the lighting. In similarity to the theater production it was also dark and Lady Macbeth walked in lighting. Lady Macbeths true mentality was shown in the production when she sat on the floor and started to rub her hands together vigorously to wash off the imaginary blood she sees on her hands. The painting shows Lady Macbeth walking calmly but in the production she screams with frustration unable to let anyone what she has done, so she is left with having to keep the secret forever. However, Scheiner’s painting captured the main purpose of this scene in one picture, all by contrasting the lighting and choosing the clothes that she wore to represent her personality with no words. Lynch’s adaptation of the play also took advantage of the white dress and black hair appearance to vaguely brush on Lady Macbeth’s true inner self being taken over by evil deeds.

Organizational Structure

The company that I chose to examine for their organizational structure Is Google. Google Is well-known for their unusual culture which helps and promotes employee creativity. This business is inventive and embraces change, growth, and advancements in all areas. Google has been able to create new innovations and consistently changes its business model. Google differs from other organizations that have not mastered the idea of embracing business and technology as a main focal point.The K-Mart/Sears merger Is a prime example of still unable to make their equines sustainable. Sears signature was offering their customers catalogs by mall. When the decision to stop mail catalogs was made, their company took a set back and Sears lost a lot of their sales. Making decisions that go against what the company is well-known for is not advancing the growth of the organization (Clifford, 2010). Google continues to find their residence within many diversified areas in technology; K-Mart/ Sears do no t.Another example off company that relies on technology as their main source of sales would be Amazon. Com. Amazon has Impacted retail In remarkable says by also focusing on Ideas and products that set the standards for the technology industry. For companies, such as K-martÃ'Ÿears, to continue to thrive, they need to examine what is working and not working for their company. Technology is only advancing and it will be a needed resource for them to thrive within the competition of sales. K-Mart/Sears would be considered a matrix structure.This organization Is grouped by the products they offer, as well as their functions. Matrix structures can be linked with Increased managers to employees, which can cause conflicts and the loyalty of employees If not evenly spread out. Amazon's organizational structure would be considered to be a network structure. This type of structure has less hierarchy, and allows management to be more flexible and in control of internal and external relationsh ips. Google has a diversified structure.While it follows a functional structure with a Board of Directors and executive management group, Google's organizational chart Is structured to allow positions to be grouped Into regions, rather than departments. This Is Imperative to the design of Google, as it allows them to develop methods that are specific to the understanding, proper functioning, and success of the organization. (Mining-Hone, You- De, & Yea-Hey, 2011, p. 232) Google operates with exceptional marketing techniques that allow them to exceed in superior organizational functions.Their demographics exceed and surpass most of all their competition. Google has marketed so well that their name branding Is now a household term In regards to answering any question. As Google. Have a question? Google the answer. â€Å"Every day Google answers more than one billion questions from people around the globe†¦ Technology make this possible cause we can create computing programs, cal led â€Å"algorithms† that can handle the immense volume and breadth of search requests. We're Just at the beginning of what's possible, and we are constantly looking to find better solutions.We have more engineers working on search today than at any time in the past† (Cut, 2014). Google continues to increase more diverse services by online marketing and relaying information. Google continues to hire employees from all over their world to continue advancing in their operations. Capturing data and analyzing information is one of their procedures within their business model. Google has also marketed the company within social networking. Other applications that are profiting the business are Goalless and Goldenness.This allows other users to earn revenue by presenting their business information within their search engines. Google is allowing businesses to grow and flourish in competitive and cost efficient ways. Google also markets their business by using TV advertisements . In 2011, Google spent approximately $70 million dollars promoting the company within the United States. (McGee, 2012). A major part within the business model of Google is their organizational design. The geographic location of Google does not pose a problem for the business as they are a global company.The design of this company has made business to be more cost-effective for them. Branding is the functional design, and one of the keys to the success of Google. Google is customer driven and customer focused. They strive to be the number one internet search engine and are continually ensuring they are finding ways to enhance the user experience. While Google's main focus is the search engine, they have also created other successful products that elf to enhance and grow their business and customer base. A few of these successful products are: Google Maps; Google Disease; Google Sky; Google's.There are also products that Google charges for that add more profit to the organization. Go ogle employs staff to watch the trends of their users and ensure proper advertisement and placement of their products. As Google continues to raise the bar within technology, laws may be put into place to ensure that there is room for other search engines to compete. The founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Bring, had a vision for the company. Since that vision has been created, the focus has shifted to continue growth and expansion.Google has done a brilliant Job ensuring that all of their processes are divided into well-designed departments with experts (Kodak, 2013). A matrix structure might be ideal if the experts within the departments were taken into thought. The challenge that Google would face would be ensuring proper communication and morale were maintained between groups. Google continues to overcome challenges and revamps their structure. This is an important element to the organization as the company grows. Google will continue to remain successful as long as they a re continuing to invest back into their company. Organizational Structure Most large businesses have the same type of organizational structure. This paper will be discussing OURS Corp.. , Tetra Tech, Inc. , and AMES Pl. These three companies are all involved in the construction industry. These companies have many similarities as well as differences. This paper will also explain the organizational functions and how they influence organizational structure and design. OURS, Tetra Tech Inc. And AMES are all providers of engineering, consulting, construction management, and focus on infrastructure and the environment. Each company operates in various countries. The business structure for all three companies includes a Board of directors, Upper management, and front-line management. Upper management is thus broken down by Vice Presidents of the companies sectors including Energy and Construction Division, Oil & Gas Division, and Corporate Initiatives. The three companies being discussed contain project managers, architects, and design engineers.Each of the three companies have a system of hierarchy that is followed for each project that is underway. Delegation is important in such a large industry and requires many level management involvement in projects. Organizational structures that these companies use branch off into various directions, including the vice presidents of areas involved in the project that is responsible for specific areas. Safety directors, environmental managers, lead architect/designer are usually the most visible at the beginning of a construction project.This hierarchy develops as ground breaking begins. Employees in specialized areas are brought in such as plumbers, interior designers, welders, and electricians. Each specialty usually has a project manager above them. These people are in charge of the day to day operations of the construction project. The diagram of a reporting structure below shows a generalized formula for the organizational chart for a project. The horizontal structure of these companies allows for employees to report up in the chain of command and vice versa for the individuals at the top of the hierarchy.This construction allows for the specialized areas to communicate effectively with all individuals that are involved in the building of a structure. There are many aspects to constructing a building that must be overseen and controlled. A seemingly minor mistake can lead to large and costly corrections, this is why the reporting structure of the organization is so important. Organizational functions are important for the success for all three organizations. Each business must market itself appropriately to prospective consumers.The consumer markets for all three of these companies are large and cover multiple countries. OURS states â€Å"We help clients meet their operational and environmental challenges by providing services throughout every phase of the project life cycle, including front-end studies; environmental management; engineering and process design; procureme nt, construction and construction management; facility management and maintenance; and closure. We partner with industry clients to help increase productivity, reduce costs and improve overall performance† (www. Ours. Com, 2014).The company's statement is their marketing design for the consumer and covers the products and services that are being sold to the consumers. Each company has a similar statement and is used to market their business, and acquire new clients while maintaining the network of consumers that they have already obtained. Finance is another function that affects these companies; the financial department for any company is responsible for many facets of the organization. The finance department is in control of budgets, which includes equipment, product, and service purchases.Tetra Tech's income stems from fees for professional, technical, construction, construction management services, along with program management. Revenue for this business, along with AMES a nd OURS, is done through their abilities to attract and retain productive employees, identify business opportunities, and secure new and existing client contracts. Human Resources role in an organization has grown to be an essential part of an organization. Human Resources are no longer Just a personnel management department, it has become an essential part of an organization.The HRS departments of large corporations must be knowledgeable in their organizations businesses. â€Å"HRS leaders are a strong advocate for at least four sets of values: strategic, ethical, legal, and financial† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). Human Resources for these organizations include the HRS planning processes. The HRS planning processes include market recasts, labor supply forecasts, reconciling supply and demand, and Job analysis. All of the companies we have discussed use internal recruiting, external recruiting, and use a selection process for hiring new or advancing established employees.Each sec tor of these companies must adhere to the policies established within the agreed upon HRS framework which is designed for equal opportunity employment. These are considered the standard operating procedure guidelines. The organizational structure is important for both large and small companies. With AMES, Tetra Tech, ND OURS, the companies are very large and encompass many industries. The size of the companies creates complexities and the need for increased control. The size of a business can offer advantages that smaller companies cannot.Larger businesses are able to offer lower costs per unit, larger purchasing power, and easier access to capital. Big companies are able to compete on the global market such as the ones in the paper. Within AMES, Tetra Tech, and OURS the companies use the differentiations design due to the complex nature of the companies. This allows for the controlling aspect needed to run the businesses efficiently. Large construction companies seem to operate wit h similar reporting structures. Organizational Structure Most large businesses have the same type of organizational structure. This paper will be discussing OURS Corp.. , Tetra Tech, Inc. , and AMES Pl. These three companies are all involved in the construction industry. These companies have many similarities as well as differences. This paper will also explain the organizational functions and how they influence organizational structure and design. OURS, Tetra Tech Inc. And AMES are all providers of engineering, consulting, construction management, and focus on infrastructure and the environment. Each company operates in various countries. The business structure for all three companies includes a Board of directors, Upper management, and front-line management. Upper management is thus broken down by Vice Presidents of the companies sectors including Energy and Construction Division, Oil & Gas Division, and Corporate Initiatives. The three companies being discussed contain project managers, architects, and design engineers.Each of the three companies have a system of hierarchy that is followed for each project that is underway. Delegation is important in such a large industry and requires many level management involvement in projects. Organizational structures that these companies use branch off into various directions, including the vice presidents of areas involved in the project that is responsible for specific areas. Safety directors, environmental managers, lead architect/designer are usually the most visible at the beginning of a construction project.This hierarchy develops as ground breaking begins. Employees in specialized areas are brought in such as plumbers, interior designers, welders, and electricians. Each specialty usually has a project manager above them. These people are in charge of the day to day operations of the construction project. The diagram of a reporting structure below shows a generalized formula for the organizational chart for a project. The horizontal structure of these companies allows for employees to report up in the chain of command and vice versa for the individuals at the top of the hierarchy.This construction allows for the specialized areas to communicate effectively with all individuals that are involved in the building of a structure. There are many aspects to constructing a building that must be overseen and controlled. A seemingly minor mistake can lead to large and costly corrections, this is why the reporting structure of the organization is so important. Organizational functions are important for the success for all three organizations. Each business must market itself appropriately to prospective consumers.The consumer markets for all three of these companies are large and cover multiple countries. OURS states â€Å"We help clients meet their operational and environmental challenges by providing services throughout every phase of the project life cycle, including front-end studies; environmental management; engineering and process design; procureme nt, construction and construction management; facility management and maintenance; and closure. We partner with industry clients to help increase productivity, reduce costs and improve overall performance† (www. Ours. Com, 2014).The company's statement is their marketing design for the consumer and covers the products and services that are being sold to the consumers. Each company has a similar statement and is used to market their business, and acquire new clients while maintaining the network of consumers that they have already obtained. Finance is another function that affects these companies; the financial department for any company is responsible for many facets of the organization. The finance department is in control of budgets, which includes equipment, product, and service purchases.Tetra Tech's income stems from fees for professional, technical, construction, construction management services, along with program management. Revenue for this business, along with AMES a nd OURS, is done through their abilities to attract and retain productive employees, identify business opportunities, and secure new and existing client contracts. Human Resources role in an organization has grown to be an essential part of an organization. Human Resources are no longer Just a personnel management department, it has become an essential part of an organization.The HRS departments of large corporations must be knowledgeable in their organizations businesses. â€Å"HRS leaders are a strong advocate for at least four sets of values: strategic, ethical, legal, and financial† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). Human Resources for these organizations include the HRS planning processes. The HRS planning processes include market recasts, labor supply forecasts, reconciling supply and demand, and Job analysis. All of the companies we have discussed use internal recruiting, external recruiting, and use a selection process for hiring new or advancing established employees.Each sec tor of these companies must adhere to the policies established within the agreed upon HRS framework which is designed for equal opportunity employment. These are considered the standard operating procedure guidelines. The organizational structure is important for both large and small companies. With AMES, Tetra Tech, ND OURS, the companies are very large and encompass many industries. The size of the companies creates complexities and the need for increased control. The size of a business can offer advantages that smaller companies cannot.Larger businesses are able to offer lower costs per unit, larger purchasing power, and easier access to capital. Big companies are able to compete on the global market such as the ones in the paper. Within AMES, Tetra Tech, and OURS the companies use the differentiations design due to the complex nature of the companies. This allows for the controlling aspect needed to run the businesses efficiently. Large construction companies seem to operate wit h similar reporting structures. Organizational Structure The company that I chose to examine for their organizational structure Is Google. Google Is well-known for their unusual culture which helps and promotes employee creativity. This business is inventive and embraces change, growth, and advancements in all areas. Google has been able to create new innovations and consistently changes its business model. Google differs from other organizations that have not mastered the idea of embracing business and technology as a main focal point.The K-Mart/Sears merger Is a prime example of still unable to make their equines sustainable. Sears signature was offering their customers catalogs by mall. When the decision to stop mail catalogs was made, their company took a set back and Sears lost a lot of their sales. Making decisions that go against what the company is well-known for is not advancing the growth of the organization (Clifford, 2010). Google continues to find their residence within many diversified areas in technology; K-Mart/ Sears do no t.Another example off company that relies on technology as their main source of sales would be Amazon. Com. Amazon has Impacted retail In remarkable says by also focusing on Ideas and products that set the standards for the technology industry. For companies, such as K-martÃ'Ÿears, to continue to thrive, they need to examine what is working and not working for their company. Technology is only advancing and it will be a needed resource for them to thrive within the competition of sales. K-Mart/Sears would be considered a matrix structure.This organization Is grouped by the products they offer, as well as their functions. Matrix structures can be linked with Increased managers to employees, which can cause conflicts and the loyalty of employees If not evenly spread out. Amazon's organizational structure would be considered to be a network structure. This type of structure has less hierarchy, and allows management to be more flexible and in control of internal and external relationsh ips. Google has a diversified structure.While it follows a functional structure with a Board of Directors and executive management group, Google's organizational chart Is structured to allow positions to be grouped Into regions, rather than departments. This Is Imperative to the design of Google, as it allows them to develop methods that are specific to the understanding, proper functioning, and success of the organization. (Mining-Hone, You- De, & Yea-Hey, 2011, p. 232) Google operates with exceptional marketing techniques that allow them to exceed in superior organizational functions.Their demographics exceed and surpass most of all their competition. Google has marketed so well that their name branding Is now a household term In regards to answering any question. As Google. Have a question? Google the answer. â€Å"Every day Google answers more than one billion questions from people around the globe†¦ Technology make this possible cause we can create computing programs, cal led â€Å"algorithms† that can handle the immense volume and breadth of search requests. We're Just at the beginning of what's possible, and we are constantly looking to find better solutions.We have more engineers working on search today than at any time in the past† (Cut, 2014). Google continues to increase more diverse services by online marketing and relaying information. Google continues to hire employees from all over their world to continue advancing in their operations. Capturing data and analyzing information is one of their procedures within their business model. Google has also marketed the company within social networking. Other applications that are profiting the business are Goalless and Goldenness.This allows other users to earn revenue by presenting their business information within their search engines. Google is allowing businesses to grow and flourish in competitive and cost efficient ways. Google also markets their business by using TV advertisements . In 2011, Google spent approximately $70 million dollars promoting the company within the United States. (McGee, 2012). A major part within the business model of Google is their organizational design. The geographic location of Google does not pose a problem for the business as they are a global company.The design of this company has made business to be more cost-effective for them. Branding is the functional design, and one of the keys to the success of Google. Google is customer driven and customer focused. They strive to be the number one internet search engine and are continually ensuring they are finding ways to enhance the user experience. While Google's main focus is the search engine, they have also created other successful products that elf to enhance and grow their business and customer base. A few of these successful products are: Google Maps; Google Disease; Google Sky; Google's.There are also products that Google charges for that add more profit to the organization. Go ogle employs staff to watch the trends of their users and ensure proper advertisement and placement of their products. As Google continues to raise the bar within technology, laws may be put into place to ensure that there is room for other search engines to compete. The founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Bring, had a vision for the company. Since that vision has been created, the focus has shifted to continue growth and expansion.Google has done a brilliant Job ensuring that all of their processes are divided into well-designed departments with experts (Kodak, 2013). A matrix structure might be ideal if the experts within the departments were taken into thought. The challenge that Google would face would be ensuring proper communication and morale were maintained between groups. Google continues to overcome challenges and revamps their structure. This is an important element to the organization as the company grows. Google will continue to remain successful as long as they a re continuing to invest back into their company.